How do I know if I was sexually assaulted?

Briefly, sexual assault is any unwanted touching of an intimate part or intercourse without freely given agreement. – Definition from LSASG (La Crosse Sexual Assault Services Group).

Any sexual contact that you do not want is sexual assault. Please know that being assaulted is never the victim's fault. The cause of sexual assault has nothing to do with the victim's previous or current behavior, nor does it happen because the perpetrator simply can't control him/herself. Sexual assault happens due to the desire of the perpetrator(s) to exert power and control over an individual(s).

Potentially, one in four college women and one in six college men are victims of an attempted or completed sexual assault.

Legal Definitions of Sexual Assault in Wisconsin

It is important to understand the legal definition of sexual assault. Sexual assault is any forced or coerced sexual intercourse or contact. It is a crime of violence in which assailants, whether known to the victim or not, are motivated by a desire to humiliate and have power over the victim. There are four degrees of sexual assault.

This information was taken from the Wisconsin State Statutes and is not in its entirety. The statute in full can be found at Wis. State. Sec. 940.225.

First Degree Sexual Assault

1. Has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with another person without consent of that person and causes pregnancy or great bodily harm to that person.
2. Has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with another person without consent of that person by use or threat of use of a dangerous weapon or any article used or fashioned in a manner to lead the victim reasonably to believe it to be a dangerous weapon.
3. Is aided or abetted by one or more other persons and has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with another person without consent of that person by use or threat of force or violence.

Second Degree Sexual Assault

1. Has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with another person without consent of that person by use or threat of force or violence.
2. Has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with another person without consent of that person and causes injury, illness, disease or impairment of a sexual or reproductive organ, or mental anguish requiring psychiatric care for the victim.
3. Has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with a person who suffers from a mental illness or deficiency which renders that person temporarily or permanently incapable of appraising the person's conduct, and the defendant knows of such condition.
4. Has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with a person who is under the influence of an intoxicant to a degree which renders that person incapable of giving consent if the defendant has actual knowledge that the person is incapable of giving consent and the defendant has the purpose to have sexual contact or sexual intercourse with the person while the person is incapable of giving consent.
5. Has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with a person who the defendant knows is unconscious.
6. Is aided or abetted by one or more other persons and has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with another person without the consent of that person.

Third Degree Sexual Assault

Sexual contact involving ejaculation or sexual intercourse with a person without the consent of that person.

Fourth Degree Sexual Assault

Sexual contact with a person without the consent of that person.

What does it mean to have "consent"?

Consent means words or overt actions by a person who is competent to give informed consent indicating a freely given agreement to have sexual intercourse or sexual contact.

Consent is not an issue in alleged violations of second degree sexual assault. The following persons are presumed incapable of consent:

• A person suffering from a mental illness or defect which impairs capacity to appraise personal conduct.
• A person who is unconscious or for any other reason is physically unable to communicate unwillingness to an act. If the person assaulted was intoxicated at the time, they are unable to give consent. The perpetrator could be charged with 2nd degree alcohol-facilitated sexual assault

What does "sexual contact" mean? - Any of the following:

• Intentional touching by the complainant or defendant, either directly or through clothing by the use of any body part or object, of the complainants or defendants intimate parts if that intentional touching is either for the purpose of sexually degrading or for the purpose of sexually humiliating the complainant or sexually arousing or gratifying the defendant or if the touching contains the elements of actual or attempted battery under s.940.19(1);
• Intentional penile ejaculation of ejaculate or intentional emission of urine or feces by the defendant upon any part of the body clothed or unclothed of the complainant if that ejaculation or emission is either for the purpose of sexually degrading or sexually humiliating the complainant or for the purpose of sexually arousing or gratifying the defendant;

Sexual intercourse includes the meaning assigned under s.939.22(36) as well as cunnilingus, fellatio or anal intercourse between persons or any other intrusion, however slight, of any part of a person's body or of any object into the genital or anal opening either by the defendant or upon the defendant's instruction. The emission of semen is not required.

Sexual intercourse with a child age 16 or older. Whoever has sexual intercourse with a child who is not the defendant's spouse and who has attained the age of 16 years is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.

Sexual exploitation by a therapist Intentional sexual contact by a therapist during any ongoing therapist/patient or therapist/client relationship. This is also a crime and should be reported. Refer to Wisconsin State Statutes 940.22.

What to do if you are sexually assaulted

If you are sexually assaulted, it is important that you care for yourself in the manner that is best for you. For some, this means reporting the crime immediately and working to have the assailant brought to justice. Others prefer to seek medical and emotional care without reporting the assault as a crime. Regardless of your preference for self-care, these are three steps that everyone who has been sexually assaulted should follow:

1. Get prompt medical care prior to showering. Getting medical care and having a Sexual Assault Nurse Examination (SANE) does not mean that you have to report anything, but simply allows you to make your health a priority as well as collect evidence in case you ever want to report the assault and take action down the road.
2. Remember that the person assaulted is NOT at fault.
3. Obtain emotional support to help with healing and feeling safe.

Get Medical Care

1. First, find a safe environment away from the assailant. Then go to a medical center or hospital emergency room to get medical attention, and to be checked for sexually transmitted disease and internal injuries.
2. Medical attention is confidential.
3. Most medical centers and hospital emergency rooms have doctors and counselors who have been trained to assist individuals who have been sexually assaulted. Mayo Clinic Health System – Franciscan Healthcare and Gundersen Health System provide Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Services (SANE) in their emergency rooms.
4. It's best to seek medical care immediately after a sexual assault. However, if an examination does not occur right away, it is still possible to visit a medical professional to be examined for STDs, pregnancy, or injuries.
5. Medical attention also helps if one decides to press charges, providing evidence needed to prosecute if a criminal case is pursued.
   
   1. Preserve evidence of the attack—don't bathe or brush teeth.
   2. To preserve forensic evidence, ask the hospital to conduct a “rape kit” exam. Even if the rape was not completed, an exam can still be very helpful in gathering evidence.
   3. Those who think they may have been drugged can ask that a urine sample be collected. The sample will be analyzed by a forensic lab.
6. It is often helpful to have friends and family members along for support when seeking medical care.
7. The person who has been assaulted should visit their doctor one or two weeks after the assault to review the results of tests taken in the emergency room

The person assaulted is NOT at fault

1. Sexual assault is a crime of violence in which the assailant is motivated by a desire to humiliate and achieve power over the person who is assaulted. Ninety-three percent of sexual assaults are committed by someone known to the victim. (Safe Path, 2004)
2. Sexual assault usually occurs as a deliberate action by the perpetrator. It is not the fault of the person who has been assaulted. No one has the right to have sex against someone's will without their consent.
3. Most people who are sexually assaulted know the perpetrator. Because of this, the person who has been assaulted may not want to reveal the name of the assailant. Some feel comfortable reporting an incident of sexual assault, others do not. The person assaulted should take the steps they feel will best help them feel safe to heal.
4. Many assailants will attempt to lay blame and fault the person who was assaulted by saying these or other things: “You asked for it” or “You wanted it.” In fact, how another person acts, what they say or what they wear is never justification for rape.

Obtain emotional support

1. Being sexually assaulted may be emotionally traumatic and have a major impact on a person's life. Proper support, emotional care, and attention can assist in the healing process and prevent later concerns.
2. Those who have been assaulted often feel a combination of disbelief, fear, confusion, anger, numbness, anxiousness, guilt, shame, and embarrassment. It's not uncommon to want to be alone or to withdraw from friends and family.
3. Depression during the first year after a rape is reported by about half of all those assaulted. It is important to keep scheduled visits with doctors and report any physical, emotional, or sexual problems.
4. After an assault, it is frequently hard to sleep, eat, concentrate, in school, or participate in everyday activities. It often seems as if one will never get over the distress of rape. While these effects are perfectly normal, seeking professional support can be very helpful.
5. Talking with a trained professional in assisting sexual assault victims is the best way to ensure long-lasting healing. Working through the hurt sooner rather than later can help reduce side effects.
6. Counseling services are free, confidential and available to all Western students. Counseling services are located in the Coleman Center, Room 100, 304 6th Street North. The phone number is 608-785-9553.
7. These La Crosse agencies offer 24-hour hotlines and services for those who have been sexually assaulted:
   
   1. Mayo Clinic Health System – Franciscan Healthcare Safe Path Domestic Abuse and Sexual Assault Services offer free counseling and sexual assault advocacy, -608-791-7804 or 1-800-362-5454 ext. 27804
   2. Gundersen Health System Sexual Assault Services, 608-775-5950 or 1-800-362-9567 ext. 5950. Offers free counseling and advocacy.
   3. New Horizons Shelter and Women's Center, 608-791-2600 or 1-888-231-0066
   4. The National Sexual Assault Hotline operated for free, 24 hours each day can also provide you with support and guidance. The number is 1-800-656-HOPE (4673).

How to help someone who has been assaulted

Faculty and staff who come in contact with a student who has been a victim of sexual assault should be gentle and concerned. Assure the student that for reporting purposes, names of victims are kept confidential.

Be there and listen. Do not be judgmental. Remember - the person assaulted is not at fault.

Do not tell the person assaulted what they "should" do in terms of reporting, seeking help, etc. Ask what they want to do and support them in their decisions.

Be patient. Being assaulted is not only a crime but a severe violation of someone's trust. It will take time to heal and cope. Recovery can be made easier for the person assaulted if they receive constant support by those around them.

Offer to assist in obtaining medical care.

Encourage the person to seek professional help.

For more information, visit the Wisconsin Coalition against Sexual Assault website - www.wcasa.org

Reporting Options

On-Campus:

In an effort to support individuals who have been assaulted, to comply with statues on collection and reporting of sexual assaults to decrease crime, these procedures are outlined:

Western students are encouraged to disclose abuse and seek help from any of the individuals listed below. However, contacting any of the resources below does not mean you must make a formal report. You can submit a Confidential Report Form, printing the form, and handing it into the Student Life Office, Kumm Center, Room 100.

On-Campus Contacts:

• Counseling and Case Management Services, 608-785-9553, located in Student Success Center, Room 221​, 7th Street North
• Title IX Coordinator, Ge Vang, Manager of Student Life and Integrity, vangg@westerntc.edu or 608-785-9444, Student Life, Equity, and Engagement Office, Kumm Center Room 100, La Crosse campus

Students may also report an assault to any Western faculty or staff, including Resident Assistants.

The individual who is assaulted may request that the Violence Prevention Specialist/Student Advocate or Student Life Coordinator or Dean of Students work with other campus staff members to explore alternatives to adjust academic schedules and living arrangements.

Western personnel are available to initiate contact and arrange a meeting between you and police. The Violence Prevention Specialist/Student Advocate, a counselor, or the Student Life Coordinator or Dean of Students will accompany you if you prefer.

Off-Campus:

Western encourages students, faculty, staff and guests to report all sexual assaults to the police. You may report the assault to the Police without pressing charges. Even if you do not press charges, filing a report is important as it makes law enforcement aware of criminal activity and helps city police make accurate reports to the public on crime in the area.

Fill out confidential report form, and submit a report form to help Western gain a more accurate picture of violence that is happening both on and around campus.

The number for the La Crosse Police Department is 911 or 608-785-5962.

You are also encouraged to contact any of the off-campus resources listed under Where to Get Help for further support and information.

IMPORTANT: If a student or employee discloses that they were sexually assaulted on campus, you are required to contact the Student Life Coordinator or Dean of Students about the situation. You will not be required to disclose any identifying information nor will the person assaulted have to make any report. Contacting the Student Life Coordinator or Dean of Students about such incidents is important for keeping Cleary Act statistics, which ultimately help to promote a safer campus.

Consequences for Offender

If reported to on-campus officials AND the person assaulted chooses to have disciplinary action taken:

When determining the severity of consequences for those committing acts of violence against another student, the circumstances of each incidence are considered by the administration. Students who have committed acts of violence against other students violate the Code of Student Conduct outlined in the student handbook. Western may impose sanctions for violations of the Code of Student Conduct up to and including expulsion from Western.

When reported to off-campus officials AND the person assaulted chooses to press charges:

The following are legal consequences that a person convicted (not charged with) of sexual assault or rape could face in the State of Wisconsin:

First Degree Sexual Assault:

Whoever commits the following can be found guilty of a Class B felony, punishable by imprisonment up to 20 years:

Sexual intercourse or sexual contact without consent:

1. Has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with another person without consent of that person and causes pregnancy or great bodily harm to that person.
2. Has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with another person without consent of that person by use or threat of use of a dangerous weapon or any article used or fashioned in a manner to lead the victim reasonably to believe it to be a dangerous weapon.
3. Is aided or abetted by one or more other persons and has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with another person without consent of that person by use or threat of force or violence.

Second Degree Sexual Assault:

Whoever commits the following can be found guilty of a Class BC felony, which includes fines up to $10,000 and imprisonment up to 10 years.

1. Has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with another person without consent of that person by use or threat of force or violence.
2. Has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with another person without consent of that person and causes injury, illness, disease or impairment of a sexual or reproductive organ, or mental anguish requiring psychiatric care for the victim.
3. Has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with a person who suffers from a mental illness or deficiency which renders that person temporarily or permanently incapable of appraising the person's conduct, and the defendant knows of such condition.
4. Has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with a person who is under the influence of an intoxicant to a degree which renders that person incapable of giving consent if the defendant has actual knowledge that the person is incapable of giving consent and the defendant has the purpose to have sexual contact or sexual intercourse with the person while the person is incapable of giving consent.
5. Has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with a person who the defendant knows is unconscious.
6. Is aided or abetted by one or more other persons and has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with another person without the consent of that person.

Third Degree Sexual Assault:

Whoever commits the following can be found guilty of a Class D felony, which includes fines up to $10,000 and imprisonment up to 5 years.

• Sexual contact involving ejaculation or sexual intercourse with a person without the consent of that person.

Fourth Degree Sexual Assault:

Whoever commits the following can be found guilty of a Class A Misdemeanor, which includes fines up to $10,000 and imprisonment up to 9 months.

• Sexual contact with a person without the consent of that person or sexual intercourse with a person 16-17 years old.